Caring for aquarium fish can be a rewarding and calming hobby, but it requires a bit of knowledge and consistent attention. Right from setting up the tank to regular maintenance, each step ensures your fish live in a healthy environment. Ensuring a routine for water changes and cleaning can significantly impact the health and happiness of your aquatic pets.
A clean tank is crucial for fish well-being. You should remove about one-third of the water and replace it weekly with fresh, dechlorinated water. This helps dilute any harmful chemicals and keeps the water parameters stable, making it healthier for your fish.
Choosing the right fish is also essential. Some species, like goldfish, guppies, and neon tetras, are easier to care for and perfect for beginners. These fish are generally peaceful and adapt well to various tank conditions, providing a stress-free experience for new fish owners.
Why Is Proper Fish Care Important?
Caring for your aquarium fish is crucial because it affects their health and longevity, the overall balance of the ecosystem, the visual appeal of your tank, and minimizes the risk of disease and stress.
Ensuring Fish Health And Longevity
Proper care ensures that your fish live longer and healthier lives. Providing a clean environment, suitable food, and consistent water quality are essential. Without these, fish can suffer from malnutrition, poor growth, or early mortality. Using a good filter and regularly changing the water keeps harmful chemicals in check. Maintaining the right temperature for your specific fish species is also critical.
Maintaining A Balanced Ecosystem
Aquariums are small ecosystems that need balance to thrive. Overfeeding, or not cleaning the tank, disrupts this balance, leading to an unhealthy environment. Waste and uneaten food can change water conditions, which affects fish health. Regular maintenance and the right mix of fish species help sustain this balance. Introducing plants and proper lighting can also help keep the ecosystem stable.
Enhancing The Beauty Of The Aquarium
A healthy aquarium is more visually appealing. Clear water, vibrant fish, and thriving plants create an attractive display. Poor care leads to algae growth, murky water, and sickly fish, which detracts from the beauty. Regular cleaning and attention to detail ensure your tank remains a stunning focal point in any room. Adding decorative elements like rocks and driftwood enhances this aesthetic.
Preventing Disease And Stress
Fish are susceptible to stress and diseases, which are often caused by poor care. Overcrowded tanks, poor water quality, and sudden temperature changes all contribute to these problems. Keeping your tank clean and stable reduces these risks. Quarantining new fish before adding them to the tank can also prevent the spread of disease. By managing these factors, you ensure a healthier, stress-free environment for your fish.
Choosing The Right Fish
Choosing the right fish is essential for building a harmonious and healthy aquarium. It’s important to consider the specific needs of each fish species, how they interact with one another, and avoid common pitfalls like overcrowding.
Researching Fish Species And Their Requirements
Understanding the specific needs of different fish species is the first step in making an informed choice. Some fish require specific water conditions and diets, while others may have unique habitat needs. Popular choices for beginners include Betta fish, Guppies, and Tetras.
Look up trustworthy sources for each species. Pay attention to their natural habitat, dietary needs, and social behavior. Some fish are more social and thrive in groups, while others might be territorial.
Considering Tank Size And Compatibility
Tank size is fundamental when choosing fish. Smaller tanks limit the number and size of fish you can keep. A 20-gallon tank, for example, is ideal for a small community of fish like Neon Tetras, while larger tanks can accommodate fish like Angelfish.
Compatibility matters, too. Not all fish get along. Some species are aggressive and might bully others, leading to stress and illness. Research and choose fish that have similar temperaments and environmental needs.
Starting With Hardy Fish For Beginners
If you’re new to fish keeping, starting with hardy fish can save you some headaches. Livebearers like Guppies and Mollies are forgiving and can thrive in various conditions. They’re a great choice for beginners looking to learn without too many complications.
Hardy fish are generally less sensitive to fluctuations in water quality and temperature. This makes them easier to care for as you get the hang of maintaining an aquarium.
Avoiding Overcrowding
Overcrowding is a common mistake that can lead to stress and disease among your fish. Stick to the rule of thumb: one gallon of water per inch of fish. For example, a 20-gallon tank should ideally house no more than 20 inches of fish in total.
Proper space ensures that each fish has enough room to swim and reduces competition for resources like food and hiding spots. Monitoring your tank’s population helps in maintaining a healthy and peaceful environment.
Setting Up The Aquarium
For your aquarium to thrive, you need to focus on selecting the right tank size, installing essential equipment, adding substrate and decorations, and cycling the tank before introducing fish.
Selecting The Right Tank Size
Choosing the right tank is vital. A larger tank is generally easier to maintain because it stabilizes water conditions more efficiently. A 20-gallon tank is a good starting point for beginners.
Smaller tanks can be challenging as they are less stable and require more frequent maintenance. Determine the tank’s size based on the space available and the number of fish you plan to keep. Remember, some fish need more room to swim and grow.
Installing Essential Equipment (Filter, Heater, Lighting)
A filter is crucial for keeping the water clean. A good filter reduces the need for frequent water changes and keeps harmful toxins at bay.
Heaters help maintain a consistent temperature. Most freshwater fish thrive in temperatures between 72°F and 78°F.
Lighting is also important. It helps support plant growth and enhances the aquarium’s appearance. Choose lighting based on the type of plants and fish you have.
Adding Substrate And Decorations
Start with a layer of substrate; gravel is popular. It supports beneficial bacteria that help break down waste.
Decorations aren’t just for looks; they provide hiding spots and territories for fish. Include a mix of rocks, plants, and ornaments. Make sure decorations are safe and won’t affect water quality.
Cycling The Tank Before Adding Fish
Cycling the tank means establishing beneficial bacteria that break down waste. This process usually takes a few weeks.
You can speed up cycling by adding bacteria supplements. Test the water regularly to ensure ammonia and nitrite levels are zero before adding fish. This step reduces stress on fish and prevents disease.
Acclimating New Fish
Acclimating new fish is essential to avoid stress and possible shock. This process involves adjusting their bagged water temperature and gradually mixing it with tank water to ensure a smooth transition.
Floating Method For Temperature Adjustment
Start by floating the sealed bag containing the new fish on the surface of your aquarium. This allows the temperature inside the bag to gradually match that of the tank, preventing temperature shock.
Leave the bag floating in the tank for about 15-20 minutes. During this time, the temperatures will equalize, reducing the risk of thermal shock. Keep an eye on the bag to make sure it doesn’t turn over or open.
Gradual Water Mixing Method
After the floating method, the next step is to slowly mix tank water into the bag. Use a small container or siphon to add a cup of aquarium water into the bag every 5 minutes.
This helps the fish acclimate to the tank’s water chemistry. Continue this gradual mixing for at least 30 minutes to an hour, ensuring the fish gets used to the new water conditions. This step is paramount to avoid sudden changes in water parameters.
Monitoring Fish Behavior During Acclimation
Observe the fish while it’s adjusting to the new water. Look for signs of stress such as rapid gill movement, darting, or remaining very still.
Keep an eye on the color of the fish – drastic changes might indicate stress. If any severe distress is noticed, it may need more time to acclimate or even require specialized care.
Gently Releasing Fish Into The Tank
Once the fish has acclimated to the water, it’s time to release it into the tank. Use a net to gently transfer the fish from the bag into the aquarium.
Avoid letting water from the bag enter the aquarium, as it might contain harmful substances or pathogens. Be gentle to ensure the fish’s fins don’t get caught in the net.
Carefully release the fish into the tank and monitor it closely for the next few hours to ensure it adjusts well to its new environment.
Maintaining Water Quality
Maintaining water quality is essential to keep your aquarium fish healthy. This involves regular water changes, using water conditioners, monitoring water parameters, and ensuring proper filtration and aeration.
Regular Water Changes (10-20% Weekly)
Changing 10-20% of the water in your aquarium each week helps remove waste and excess nutrients. This process replenishes trace minerals that fish, plants, and bacteria need. Make sure to use dechlorinated water to avoid introducing harmful chemicals into the tank. Regular water changes prevent the buildup of toxins, providing a stable environment for your fish to thrive.
Using Water Conditioners
Water conditioners are crucial for neutralizing harmful chemicals present in tap water, such as chlorine and chloramine. When adding new water to your tank, always use a water conditioner to make it safe for your fish. Some conditioners also detoxify heavy metals and ammonia, further protecting your aquarium inhabitants. Following the dosage instructions on the conditioner bottle ensures the water remains healthy and non-toxic.
Monitoring Water Parameters (Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, pH)
Regular monitoring of water parameters like ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH is vital for maintaining a healthy aquarium. High levels of ammonia and nitrite can be toxic to fish, causing stress and illness. Use test kits to check these parameters weekly and adjust as needed. Keeping the pH within the recommended range for your specific fish species will help maintain their overall health and well-being.
Ensuring Proper Filtration And Aeration
A good filtration system helps remove debris, waste, and harmful chemicals from the water. Choose a filter appropriate for your tank size and type of fish. Regularly clean and maintain the filter to ensure it operates efficiently. Additionally, aeration is important for providing oxygen to your fish. Use air stones or an air pump to increase oxygen levels, especially in densely stocked tanks. Proper filtration and aeration prevent the buildup of toxins and support the overall health of your aquarium.
Feeding Your Fish
Feeding your aquarium fish properly is crucial to their health and well-being. This section covers choosing the right food, setting a feeding schedule, avoiding overfeeding, and ensuring a balanced diet.
Choosing The Right Fish Food (Flakes, Pellets, Frozen, Live)
Different fish species have varied nutritional needs. Common options include flakes, pellets, frozen, and live foods. Flakes work well for surface feeders, while pellets suit mid-water and bottom dwellers. Frozen and live foods, like brine shrimp, offer more natural nutrition, especially for carnivorous or omnivorous fish. It’s best to rotate between different types to provide diverse nutrients. Always check the food packaging for specific feeding instructions based on the type of fish you have.
Establishing A Feeding Schedule
Fish typically require feeding 2-3 times per day. Start with small amounts, like 2-3 flakes per fish. Observe their behavior to determine if they need more or less food. Adjust the frequency if needed, based on their activity level and growth. For juvenile or particularly active fish, more frequent feedings may be necessary. Conversely, adult fish often do well with less frequent meals. Make sure to keep an eye on their overall health to fine-tune their schedule.
Avoiding Overfeeding
Overfeeding is a common mistake that can lead to water quality issues and fish health problems. Feed only what your fish can consume in 2-3 minutes. Any uneaten food should be promptly removed to prevent it from decomposing in the tank. Monitor your fish for signs of bloating or unusual behavior, as these can be indicators of overfeeding. Remember, it’s better to underfeed slightly than to overfeed.
Providing A Balanced Diet
A varied diet ensures your fish get all the necessary nutrients. Combine flakes and pellets with occasional supplements like bloodworms or vegetables. Herbivorous fish benefit from blanched spinach or peas, while carnivorous fish enjoy protein-rich options like brine shrimp. Pay attention to your fish species’ specific dietary requirements. Providing a mix of foods helps mimic their natural diet and keeps them healthy and vibrant.
Monitoring Fish Health And Behavior
Taking care of aquarium fish goes beyond maintaining a clean tank; it also involves careful monitoring of their health and behavior. By observing changes and consulting experts when needed, you can keep your fish healthy and thriving.
Observing Daily For Signs Of Stress Or Illness
Daily observation helps you catch any problems early. Look for signs like sluggishness, erratic swimming, or hiding frequently. These could indicate stress or illness.
Healthy fish should be active and responsive. If they appear lethargic or lose their balance, it might mean something is wrong. Always keep a close eye on their normal behavior so deviations are noticeable immediately.
Checking For Changes In Color, Appetite, Or Behavior
Color changes can signal health issues. A sudden fade or darkening might indicate stress or disease. Regular feeding times let you monitor their appetite; a decline can also be a warning sign.
Behavioral changes are equally important. If a typically social fish becomes reclusive, or an active swimmer starts to linger at the bottom, these changes shouldn’t be ignored. Observing your fish during feeding and playtime can provide valuable insights.
Quarantining Sick Fish
Quarantining prevents the spread of disease. Set up a separate tank with minimal decorations and a simple filter. This allows sick fish to recover without affecting others.
Keep the quarantined fish under observation for at least 30 days. Look for improvement in their symptoms and make sure they return to their normal behavior before reintroducing them to the main tank. This step is crucial for maintaining a healthy aquarium environment.
Consulting A Veterinarian For Health Issues
Sometimes, professional help is necessary. If a fish shows persistent symptoms like sores, unusual growths, or severe behavioral changes, consult a veterinarian specialized in aquatic animals.
A vet can provide accurate diagnoses and treatments that you may not be able to administer yourself. Early intervention by a professional ensures your fish get the best care possible, preventing complications and promoting a healthy life.
Cleaning And Maintenance
Keeping your aquarium clean is essential for the health of your fish. Regular maintenance tasks include cleaning the glass, decorations, and substrate, as well as rinsing filter media and maintaining a consistent cleaning schedule.
Cleaning The Glass And Decorations
It’s important to regularly clean the glass of your aquarium to remove algae buildup and improve visibility. You can use a magnetic algae scraper or a soft sponge to gently remove algae from the glass.
For decorations, remove them from the tank and scrub with a brush to eliminate any algae or debris. Be sure to use water from the tank for rinsing to avoid introducing chemicals to the environment.
Avoid using soaps or detergents on decorations as they can harm your fish.
Using A Gravel Vacuum For Substrate Cleaning
A gravel vacuum is an essential tool for cleaning the substrate in your aquarium. It works by siphoning out debris, fish waste, and leftover food that accumulates in the gravel.
To use it, simply insert the vacuum into the gravel and move it around to ensure thorough cleaning. Make sure you perform substrate cleaning during water changes to remove dirty water and replace it with fresh, conditioned water.
Regular cleaning of your substrate helps prevent the buildup of harmful substances.
Rinsing Filter Media In Tank Water
Filter media should be rinsed in tank water to maintain its effectiveness. Remove the filter media from your filter unit and gently rinse it in a bucket filled with water from the tank.
This process helps clean the media while preserving beneficial bacteria essential for a balanced aquarium. Avoid using tap water, which can contain chlorine and other chemicals that kill beneficial bacteria.
Regular rinsing ensures optimal filter performance and water quality.
Maintaining A Regular Cleaning Schedule
Establishing a regular cleaning schedule is crucial for a healthy aquarium environment. Perform basic cleaning tasks like glass scraping and substrate vacuuming every week.
Conduct deeper cleaning tasks, such as filter media rinsing and decoration scrubbing, monthly.
Consistency in your cleaning routine helps maintain water clarity and quality, ensuring a safe and healthy environment for your fish. Regular maintenance prevents issues like algae overgrowth and poor water conditions.
Preventing And Treating Common Diseases
Preventing and treating common aquarium fish diseases involves recognizing symptoms early, applying appropriate medications, quarantining infected fish, and maintaining optimal water conditions. Each aspect plays a critical role in ensuring the health of your aquarium’s inhabitants.
Recognizing Symptoms Of Common Diseases (Ich, Fin Rot, Etc.)
It’s vital to recognize symptoms early to address diseases like ich and fin rot. Ich, also known as white spot disease, presents as tiny white spots on a fish’s body and fins. You may notice your fish rubbing against objects. Fin rot appears as frayed or discolored fins, often with inflamed areas. Stay vigilant for other signs like cloudy eyes, bulging eyes, or sluggish behavior, indicating different illnesses.
Using Appropriate Medications And Treatments
Treat fish diseases promptly with the right medications. For ich, use commercial ich treatments containing formalin or malachite green. Fin rot often requires broad-spectrum antibiotics. Follow dosage instructions precisely, and continue treatment for the recommended period. Other conditions might need specific treatments, so it’s also beneficial to consult with an aquarium specialist if uncertain about the right approach.
Quarantining Infected Fish
Quarantining infected fish helps prevent the spread of disease. Place sick fish in a separate tank with similar water conditions. Use this quarantine space for new fish as well to observe them for any signs of disease before introducing them to your main tank. Keep quarantine tanks simple, with a filter and heater, and monitor the fish closely.
Maintaining Optimal Water Conditions
Maintaining optimal water conditions is essential for preventing disease. Regularly perform water changes and check the water parameters using a test kit. Ensure your aquarium is not overcrowded and provide a varied diet to boost your fish’s immune system. Clean the tank, filter, and other equipment routinely to minimize stress and keep your fish healthy.
Providing A Suitable Environment
Creating the right environment for your aquarium fish ensures their health and happiness. Focus on space, hiding spots, stable water temperature, proper lighting, and avoiding sudden changes to keep your fish thriving.
Ensuring Adequate Space And Hiding Spots
Adequate space is essential for the well-being of your fish. Different species require different tank sizes, so research the needs of your specific fish. Providing ample room allows fish to swim freely and reduces stress.
Hiding spots are equally important. Use rocks, plants, and caves to mimic their natural habitat. This gives fish places to retreat, reducing stress and aggression. Natural decorations like driftwood also enhance the aesthetic appeal of your tank.
Maintaining Stable Water Temperature
Maintaining the right water temperature is vital for fish health. Different species have varied temperature needs, so set the tank heater accordingly. Consistent temperatures help fish thrive and reduce the risk of diseases.
Avoid placing tanks in direct sunlight or near heat sources to prevent temperature fluctuations. Regularly check the water temperature with a reliable thermometer. Stability is key to ensuring your fish’s well-being.
Using Appropriate Lighting
Proper lighting replicates the natural day-night cycle for your fish. Use aquarium-specific lights that are suitable for your tank size and fish species. Lighting enhances the tank’s appearance and supports plant growth.
Keep a consistent light schedule. Typically, 8-10 hours of light per day is sufficient. Avoid using overly bright lights that can stress your fish. Automatic timers can help maintain a regular lighting schedule, benefiting both fish and plants.
Avoiding Sudden Changes In Environment
Sudden changes in the aquarium environment can stress or even harm your fish. When cleaning the tank or adding new water, do it gradually to prevent shock. Sudden changes in water chemistry can be harmful.
When introducing new fish, acclimate them slowly to the tank’s conditions. Use quarantine tanks if possible to monitor new additions before introducing them to the main tank. Careful management ensures a stable and healthy environment for your fish.
Breeding And Raising Fry
Breeding aquarium fish and successfully raising fry requires proper preparation and attentive care. You need specifics on breeding behaviors, tank setup, egg and fry care, and nutrition.
Identifying Breeding Behavior
Recognizing when your fish are ready to breed is key. Many species display unique patterns like increased coloration or specific movements. For instance, male guppies often show off vibrant colors and perform a dance to attract females.
Look for chasing behaviors or nest building, which can be seen in species like cichlids and bettas. Pay attention to changes in activity, as some fish become more territorial or protective.
Setting Up A Breeding Tank
A separate breeding tank increases the chances of survival for the fry. It minimizes stress and prevents adult fish from preying on the eggs or fry. For most species, a small 10-20 gallon tank works well.
Use a sponge filter to avoid sucking in tiny fry. Add a spawning mop or plenty of plants for egg scatterers like tetras. For species that lay eggs on surfaces, provide flat stones or tiles.
Caring For Eggs And Fry
Keep the breeding tank clean and stable. Remove the adult fish after spawning to prevent them from eating the eggs. For egg scatterers, carefully siphon debris without disturbing the eggs.
Ensure proper oxygenation by using gentle aeration. As the fry hatch, start with infusoria or specialized fry food. Gradually introduce baby brine shrimp as they grow.
Providing Proper Nutrition For Growing Fish
Proper nutrition is critical for fry development. Initially, feed them high-quality microfoods like infusoria or commercial fry food.
As they grow, transition to baby brine shrimp and finely crushed flakes. Feed small amounts several times a day for steady growth. Regular water changes help maintain water quality, ensuring the fry have a healthy environment to thrive in.
Avoid overfeeding, which can pollute the water and harm the fry. Use a varied diet to ensure they get all necessary nutrients required for healthy development.
Managing Tank Mates And Compatibility
To create a peaceful and healthy aquarium, it’s crucial to select compatible tank mates, monitor their interactions, provide suitable habitat structures, and adjust stocking levels as needed.
Researching Compatibility Before Adding Fish
When adding new fish to your tank, always research their compatibility with current inhabitants. Look into factors like temperament and size. For instance, guppies might thrive with neon tetras but not with betta fish, which can display aggression.
Understanding each species’ specific needs helps you prevent issues down the line. Use compatibility tools and guides to ensure you’re making informed decisions.
Monitoring Interactions And Aggression
After introducing new fish, keep a close eye on their behavior. Any signs of aggression, such as nipping or chasing, should be addressed promptly. Incompatible tank mates can cause stress and harm to each other.
Observe feeding times and general swimming patterns. If conflict arises, consider separating aggressive fish or providing more hiding spots. Regular monitoring ensures a harmonious environment.
Providing Adequate Territory And Hiding Spots
Territory and hiding spots are essential for reducing stress and promoting natural behavior. Provide plants, rocks, and decorations where fish can retreat. This is particularly important for species like angelfish and cichlids, which can be territorial.
Ensure each fish has enough space to claim its own area. Overcrowding can lead to conflicts and heightened stress levels. Proper tank decor enhances the well-being of your fish community.
Adjusting Stocking Levels If Necessary
Sometimes, even with the best planning, some fish combinations don’t work out. Be prepared to adjust your tank’s stocking levels. If aggression or stress persists, you may need to relocate or rehome some fish.
Use recommended stocking guidelines to avoid overcrowding. Regularly assess the tank’s dynamics and make changes as needed.
Creating a peaceful aquarium requires ongoing care and adjustments. Manage compatibility, monitor interactions, provide hiding spots, and adjust stocking levels to maintain a thriving aquatic community.
Enhancing The Aquarium Experience
Enhancing your aquarium involves more than just maintaining the basics; it also includes adding elements that create a beautiful and engaging environment for both you and your fish. This means incorporating live plants, designing a stunning aquascape, and using decorations and backgrounds.
Adding Live Plants For Natural Filtration
Live plants do more than just beautify your tank; they also help filter the water naturally. They absorb harmful nitrates and provide oxygen, creating a healthier environment for your fish. Java fern, Anubias, and Amazon sword are great options for beginners.
Make sure to choose plants that are compatible with your tank’s lighting and substrate. Regular trimming and maintenance of the plants will also keep your tank looking lush and vibrant.
Creating A Visually Appealing Aquascape
When designing your aquascape, use a mix of rocks, driftwood, and plants to create depth and interest. Think about the layout and flow, ensuring there are hiding places and open areas for your fish to swim.
Consider using different textures and heights to add variety. Placing taller plants and decorations at the back and shorter ones at the front creates a sense of depth. Keep in mind your fish’s natural habitat and try to replicate it as much as possible.
Using Backgrounds And Ornaments
A well-chosen background can enhance the visual appeal of your tank. You can use either a solid color backdrop or a more elaborate printed scene. Backgrounds can hide unsightly cords and equipment, making your tank look more polished.
Ornaments such as ceramic castles, sunken ships, or themed figures can add a touch of personality to your aquarium. Ensure any decoration is aquarium-safe and doesn’t have sharp edges that could harm your fish.
Engaging In Regular Observation And Enjoyment
Take time to observe your aquarium daily. Watching your fish interact with their environment can be both relaxing and informative. It helps you notice any signs of stress or illness early.
This daily engagement also allows you to appreciate the beauty and tranquility of your aquascape. Don’t forget to share this experience with family and friends; it can be a wonderful way to bond and introduce others to the joys of fishkeeping.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Caring for aquarium fish involves addressing various issues that can arise. Key problems include cloudy water, algae growth, fish aggression, and water parameter imbalances.
Cloudy Water
Cloudy water can be caused by several factors. Excess food, overstocking, and insufficient filtration often lead to murky water. To prevent this, ensure you’re feeding your fish only what they can eat in a few minutes and remove any uneaten food.
Regularly clean the tank, perform partial water changes weekly, and use an efficient filter suitable for your tank’s size. Using activated carbon in your filter can also help to clear away discolorations and impurities from the water.
Algae Growth
Algae growth is a common problem that makes your tank look unsightly. It occurs when there’s too much light or the tank has high nutrient levels. Limit light exposure to 8-10 hours a day and avoid placing the tank where it’ll get direct sunlight.
Introduce algae-eating species like Siamese algae eaters or snails to help control algae naturally. Regularly clean the glass and decorations, and maintain a good water change schedule to keep nutrients in check.
Fish Aggression
Fish aggression can lead to injuries or death among tank mates. It’s often caused by overcrowding, incompatible species, or insufficient hiding spaces. Ensure your tank isn’t overstocked, and choose compatible fish species that have similar temperaments.
Add plenty of plants, rocks, and decorations to provide hiding spots. If aggression persists, consider separating the aggressive fish or rearranging the tank’s layout to disrupt established territories.
Water Parameter Imbalances
Imbalances in water parameters, such as pH, ammonia, and nitrites, can harm your fish. Regularly test your water using aquarium test kits to monitor these levels. If the pH is off, you can use products designed to safely adjust it.
High ammonia or nitrite levels often indicate overfeeding or inadequate filtration. Address these issues by feeding less, cleaning the tank more often, and ensuring your filter is appropriately sized and maintained.